The short answer: NFC is not a competitor to RFID — it is a specialized subset of it. NFC (near field communication) is built on high-frequency RFID at 13.56 MHz, adds two-way communication, and works over roughly 4 cm (ISO/IEC 18092 and related standards). RFID is the broader family, spanning three frequency bands with read ranges from centimeters to ten meters. Bluetooth is a different technology entirely — a battery-dependent radio link designed for continuous connections